Shahin Hassani; Mahmoud Ramroudi; Ebrahim Ahmadi
Abstract
The characteristics of forage corn make it an important crop for the livestock industry. Due to the thriving animal husbandry in western Iran and the foothills of the Zagros, the production of forage corn is crucial. However, such crop production has the potential to affect environmental phenomena such ...
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The characteristics of forage corn make it an important crop for the livestock industry. Due to the thriving animal husbandry in western Iran and the foothills of the Zagros, the production of forage corn is crucial. However, such crop production has the potential to affect environmental phenomena such as global warming, ozone depletion, eutrophication, acidification potential, and human toxicity potential. In this study, the life cycle assessment methodology was used to examine the production of contaminants due to forage corn cultivation. Consequently, various environmental impacts and production processes have been evaluated. The potential environmental impacts are calculated according to the production unit equivalents considered by the global databases. 118.46 CO2 equivalent units of greenhouse gas emissions result from the production of one tonne of forage corn. This quantity was calculated to be one tonne of forage corn equal to 0.0000147 units per kilogramme of CEC11 production in order to account for ozone depletion. The estimated eutrophication potential of producing one tonne of forage corn was 0.4618 units, or kilogrammes of PO4 production. Increases in the efficiency of corn production may reduce the production of contaminants and the rate of environmental degradation.
Shirali Kohkan; Seyed Ahmad Ghanbari; Mohammad Reza Asgharipour; Barat Ali Fakheri
Abstract
This study was conducted using the emergy analysis approach in wheat production systems in order to plan and manage the major challenges facing the Sistan region's wheat production. All inputs for wheat production, the most important crop in the region, were assessed in this study. These inputs include ...
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This study was conducted using the emergy analysis approach in wheat production systems in order to plan and manage the major challenges facing the Sistan region's wheat production. All inputs for wheat production, the most important crop in the region, were assessed in this study. These inputs include renewable inputs, such as sunlight, wind, and rain; nonrenewable inputs, such as soil erosion; and purchased inputs and services, such as machinery, fossil fuels, electricity, labor, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and chemical fertilizers. According to the results of the study, the total emergy production of wheat was 1.061016 sej ha-1. The irrigation water consumed the most energy at 28.96%, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers at 20.75 and 16.5%, respectively. The emergy yield ratio index was 1.41, the emergy investment ratio index was 2.4, the environmental loading ratio was 2.41, and the emergy sustainability index was 0.585, which indicates the average sustainability and environmental load of this system relative to other researchers' reports. By increasing input efficiency by optimizing the consumption of irrigation water, nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus fertilizer, this production system can be made more sustainable and less taxing on the environment.
Fatemeh Fayyaz; Mehdi Aran; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Dariush Ramezan
Abstract
The seeds of the medicinal plant dragon's head are an excellent source of fiber, oil, and protein, and are used to treat a variety of conditions, including certain nervous disorders, liver diseases, and kidney diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects of foliar application of various nano-chelate ...
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The seeds of the medicinal plant dragon's head are an excellent source of fiber, oil, and protein, and are used to treat a variety of conditions, including certain nervous disorders, liver diseases, and kidney diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects of foliar application of various nano-chelate and chemical boron fertilizers on morphological indices of the dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica). This study employed a completely randomized design with nano-chelate (500, 1000, and 1500 mg/l) and boric acid (1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/l) treatments, in addition to a control group. The results demonstrated that the investigated treatments had a significant effect on the majority of dragon's head indices. The highest inflorescence length (43.66 cm) and number of cycles in the main branch (28.56) were observed in the boric acid treatment with 3000 mg/l of boric acid. The highest number of lateral branche, flower cycle per plant, and seed weight per plant, 1000-seed weight, and seed yields were obtained at 3000 mg/l of boric acid and 1500 mg/l of nano-chelated treatments, respectively. The highest number of seed per plant, plant dry weight, and biological yield were obtained in the treatments of 2000 and 3000 mg/l of boric acid and 1500 mg/l of nano-chelated boron fertilizers, respectively. Application of boron fertilizers significantly increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and boron concentrations in the treated plants. In general, foliar application of boron micronutrient increased the yield and improved the indices of dragon’s head. Consequently, the application of nano-fertilizers yielded promising results due to their higher absorption efficiencies at lower concentrations than conventional fertilizers.
Ahmad Ghanbari; sadegh jalilian; Alireza Bagheri; bita abbasi
Abstract
This study aims to determine the optimal locations for rainwater harvesting in the Talandasht region of the province of Kermanshah. As a multivariate analysis, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the optimal sites. GIS identifies the optimal locations for the Talandasht region ...
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This study aims to determine the optimal locations for rainwater harvesting in the Talandasht region of the province of Kermanshah. As a multivariate analysis, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the optimal sites. GIS identifies the optimal locations for the Talandasht region based on the biophysical characteristics taken into account. In this study, slopes between five and fifteen percent were given the highest score, while slopes below five and above sixty percent received the lowest score. The soil permeability was measured using soil hydrological groups, with hydrological groups 4 (D) and 1 (A) receiving the highest and lowest scores, respectively. Over 10,000 hectares of Talandasht's total area have a slope greater than five percent, and runoff is flowing in it. If the average annual rainfall is 400 mm, there will be 34285714 cubic meters of precipitation. By determining the optimal storage location, water can be stored and used for additional purposes, including supplemental irrigation and the creation of rainfed gardens. In various regions of the country, rainwater collection has a high executive potential. Conservation and integrated agriculture are excellent opportunities for conserving and storing rainwater in the region and reducing the region's yield gap.
Alireza Bagheri; Bita Abbasi; Sadegh Jalilian
Abstract
Recognizing potential areas based on agricultural potentials and determining the suitability of land for specific productivity permits the planning of increased production and sustainable land use, and provides a suitable basis for human activities and land development. Using the Geographical Information ...
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Recognizing potential areas based on agricultural potentials and determining the suitability of land for specific productivity permits the planning of increased production and sustainable land use, and provides a suitable basis for human activities and land development. Using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), this study identified areas in Kermanshah province suitable for autumn safflower cultivation. Parameters included Altitude, maximum, average, and minimum temperature, precipitation, slope, and slope direction. From scientific sources, the ecological requirements of safflower were extracted in order to determine the areas suitable for safflower cultivation based on the desired parameters. Then, the maps pertaining to measurements were prepared and classified. In the subsequent step, the weight of each variable was determined using hierarchical analysis. the safflower zoning map was finally extracted from the GIS environment by overlapping and combining the obtained maps. Using the results of the hierarchical analysis procedure, the rainfall gauge and then the maximum temperature had the highest coefficients (0.295 and 0.219). 52%, 33%, 13%, and 2%, respectively, of Kermanshah's total arable land are classified as highly suitable, suitable, semi-suitable, and unsuitable. According to the investigated climatic and topographical variables, 85 percent of the province of Kermanshah's cultivated land is suitable for safflower cultivation. They are predominantly regions with temperate and tropical climates, demonstrating the province of Kermanshah's high potential for safflower cultivation as a crop rotation-friendly plant.
Tohid Bagherpoor; Somayeh Kazemi Sormoli
Abstract
This study compares three models, Back -Propagation Feed-Forward Neural Networks (BP-FFNN), Recurrent Neural Networks with Long Short-Term Memory (RNN-LSTM), and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), for temperature prediction using historical air temperature data from Zabol City, ...
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This study compares three models, Back -Propagation Feed-Forward Neural Networks (BP-FFNN), Recurrent Neural Networks with Long Short-Term Memory (RNN-LSTM), and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), for temperature prediction using historical air temperature data from Zabol City, Iran. The dataset consists of daily average air temperature observations, and the models were evaluated using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Median Absolute Percentage Error (MDAPE), and Coefficient of Determination ( ) metrics. The BP-FFNN model outperformed the RNN-LSTM and SARIMA models, achieving the lowest values for RMSE (0.018), MAE (0.013), and MDAPE (1.59%). It demonstrated accurate temperature predictions with a strong correlation between predicted and actual values ( = 0.99). The RNN-LSTM model showed comparable results, capturing long-term patterns with RMSE of 0.042, MAE of 0.031, and MDAPE of 3.53%. The SARIMA model provided insights into seasonality and autocorrelation, achieving RMSE of 0.042, MAE of 0.03, and MDAPE of 3.65%.The study's findings have implications for weather forecasting, climate research, and energy management systems. The superior performance of the BP-FFNN model suggests its reliability for accurate temperature prediction, while the RNN-LSTM model offers an alternative approach for capturing long-term patterns. The SARIMA model contributes insights into seasonality and autocorrelation. The study highlights the strengths and limitations of each model and their practical applications in temperature forecasting. In conclusion, the BP-FFNN model effectively predicts temperatures in Zabol City while the RNN-LSTM and SARIMA models provide alternative approaches for capturing long-term patterns and understanding seasonality. The study's results advance temperature prediction techniques and have practical implications for various fields reliant on accurate temperature forecasting.
Abdolreza Ahmadi; Saeed Gholamrezai; Fatemeh Sepahvand
Abstract
In the area of integrated weed management, the objective of this study is to identify and assess the educational requirements of farmers in the province of Lorestan. The research's statistical population comprises all rapeseed growers in Lorestan Province. A stratified sampling method was employed to ...
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In the area of integrated weed management, the objective of this study is to identify and assess the educational requirements of farmers in the province of Lorestan. The research's statistical population comprises all rapeseed growers in Lorestan Province. A stratified sampling method was employed to select 137 respondents from the population using Cochran's formula. As the research instrument, a questionnaire was developed by the researcher. The findings of the study suggest that the participants possess a moderate to limited understanding of integrated weed management as it pertains to rapeseed products. The findings suggest that the knowledge-education modules address the greatest number of educational requirements pertaining to "the impact of weed presence on the farm" and "the competition between weeds and crops on the farm." The findings revealed that sixteen categories of the knowledge-education needs are at an exceptionally high level. Among these, the categories of "plow preparation," "reduction in crop yield," and "manual weeding" are among the most critical. Furthermore, an examination of each module reveals that when it comes to modules that promote the efficient reduction of herbicide usage and the implementation of hygienic and preventive measures, a significant emphasis should be placed on these aspects. According to the correlation results, there is a significant and negative relationship between the number of educational programs participated in by respondents and the frequency with which farmers visit agricultural extension service offices and their educational needs. An positive correlation exists between the needs and the distance between the village and the city. It is suggested that in this region, farmers be informed through the use of mass media such as local radio and television, as well as posters. Additionally, educational workshops and extension visits can serve as influential means to enhance individuals' skill sets.
seyed mohammad ahmadi; Somaye Niknia; Zeinab Homayoun
Abstract
Taking into account the necessity of determination of physical properties to design of storage, handling, and processing systems for agricultural products, the object of this study was intended to determine some physical characteristics of native lentil seed of Zabol such as axial dimensions, surface ...
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Taking into account the necessity of determination of physical properties to design of storage, handling, and processing systems for agricultural products, the object of this study was intended to determine some physical characteristics of native lentil seed of Zabol such as axial dimensions, surface area, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, filling angle of repose, bulk and true densities, true volume, porosity as well as coefficient of static friction against various surfaces. Analysis of data showed that all physical properties of the lentil seeds were significantly affected by the moisture content in the studied range (4.7% to 19.8% w.b.). The axial dimensions of lentil seeds namely length, width, thickness and also one thousand seed mass of lentil seeds respectively increased from 3.88 to 4.56 mm, 3.69 to 4.21 mm, 2.05 to2.29 mm and 12.14 to 22-73 as the moisture content increased. The values of surface area (11.29-15.12 mm2) and geometric mean diameter (3.08 - 3.49 mm) of lentil seeds increased with increasing moisture content while the sphericity (79.61 to 76.69%) decreased. The filling angle of repose of the seeds increased significantly with an increase in moisture content. So, it changed from 26.57 at moisture content 4.7 to 29.74 at moisture content 19.8 (w.b. %). The values of bulk and true densities of lentil seeds decreased respectively from 546 to 476 kg/m3 and 1390 to 1270 kg/m3 as the moisture content increased. The true volume (6.15 – 6.71 mm3) and porosity (60.71 to 62.68 %) of lentil seeds increased linearly with increasing moisture content. The values of the coefficient of static friction increased as the moisture content of lentil seeds increased and also the values of this parameter with respect to galvanized iron (0.61-0.64) and fiberglass (0.60-0.64) were greater than that on the glass surface (0.53-0.62).
